Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Daytime Hypersomnia: A Study of Cohort in the Chilean Population
Paula Contreras Núñez MD1*, Mario Díaz MD2, Álvaro Vidal-Santoro MD3, Pedro Vergara4 and Javiera Hagn Troncoso5
1 Adult neurologist, Subspecialist in epilepsy and sleep disorders, Clínica Indisa Universidad Andrés Bello and Centro Simeds, Santiago de Chile.
2 Adult neurologist, Subspecialist in epilepsy and sleep disorders. Assistant Professor Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Clínica Somno, Santiago de Chile.
3 Adult neurologist, Assistant Professor Universidad Mayor, Clínica Somno, Santiago de Chile.
4 Professor Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago de Chile.
5 Medical Student, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago de Chile.
*Corresponding Author: Paula Contreras Núñez, MD; SIMEDS Center, Avenida Santa María 1810, Providencia, Santiago de Chile 7520229, Chile.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58624/SVOANE.2024.05.0148
Received: August 03, 2024 Published: August 27, 2024
Abstract
Introduction: Central disorders with hypersomnolence (CDH) are a group of sleep disorders characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) that can be related to REM-sleep dissociative symptoms. They have a low prevalence in the population and may not be explained by other medical conditions.
Materials and methods: A cohort of 59 Chilean patients with the most common types of CDH were studied. Clinical data, and results of polysomnography (PSG) plus multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) were analyzed..
Results: The median age of the cohort was 35.26 ± 13.23 years (69.5% female). Diagnosis of narcolepsy Type 1, narcolepsy Type 2, and idiopathic daytime hypersomnia, were determined in 54.2%, 23.7% and 22% of patients respectively. All patients reported EDS, while 57.6%, 81.4% and 78% reported cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations respectively. Polysomnographic studies showed non relevant alterations in the majority of patients. The MLTS was abnormal in all patients, 78% of them with 2 or more sleep onset REM periods (SOREMP). In 52.5% of cases, the delay in final diagnosis was more than 5 years. About a third of patients had another sleep disorder that could not explain the severity of EDS. We observed a comorbidity with an immunological disorder in 30.5% of patients.
Conclusion: The EDS is the main symptom in CDH. Related REM-sleep symptoms and MSLT alterations were the second most important features to establish final diagnosis. However, we observed a significant delay in CDH diagnosis in the majority of patients.
Keywords: Narcolepsy, Cataplexy, Hypersomnia, Excessive daytime sleepiness.
Citation: Núñez PC, Díaz M, Vidal-Santoro A, Vergara P, Troncoso JH. Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Daytime Hypersomnia: A Study of Cohort in the Chilean Population. SVOA Neurology 2024, 5:5, 174-182. doi. 10.58624/SVOANE.2024.05.0148
