Microbial Resistance: Mechanisms, Impacts, and Challenges for the Treatment of Bacterial and Fungal Infections
Rafael Pereira da Cruz1, Lariza Leisla Leandro Nascimento2, Nadilânia Oliveira da Silva2, Murilo Felipe Felício2, Márcia Jordana Ferreira Macêdo2, José Aglailson Oliveira da Anunciação2, Bárbara Fernandes Melo2, Cicero dos Santos Leandro2, Ademar Maia Filho2, Fábio Caboclo Moreira2, Luciene Ferreira de Lima2, Damiana Gonçalves de Sousa Freitas2, Dhenes Ferreira Antunes3, Francisca Sâmara Muniz dos Santos2 and José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra2*
1 Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife – PE, Brazil.
2 Regional University of Cariri, Crato – CE, Brazil.
3 Federal University of Cariri, Crato – CE, Brazil.
*Corresponding Author: Prof. Dr. José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58624/SVOAMB.2024.05.046
Received: July 15, 2024 Published: August 08, 2024
Abstract
This review addresses the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance, focusing on pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and fungi like Candida spp. Initially, various mechanisms of bacterial resistance are discussed, including antibiotic target modification and horizontal gene transfer. Both intrinsic and acquired resistance are explored, highlighting how these microorganisms adapt and survive antimicrobial treatment. Additionally, the challenges faced in the treatment of fungal infections, such as resistance to azoles and echinocandins among Candida species, are addressed. The review also discusses the importance of discovering new antifungal agents and strategies to overcome emerging resistance. It concludes that antimicrobial resistance remains a significant threat to global health, requiring innovative and coordinated approaches to tackle this growing problem.
Keywords: Resistance mechanisms, Antibiotics, Nosocomial infections, Candida spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
Citation: da Cruz RP, Nascimento LLL, da Silva NO, Felício MF, Macêdo MJF, da Anunciaça o JAO, Melo BF, dos Santos Leandro C, Filho AM, Moreira FC, de Lima LF, de Sousa Freitas DG, Antunes DF, dos Santos FSM, Almeida-Bezerra JW. Microbial Resistance: Mechanisms, Impacts, and Challenges for the Treatment of Bacterial and Fungal Infections. SVOA Microbiology 2024, 5:3, 79-86. doi:10.58624 SVOAMB.2024.05.046
